Baking Soda Volcano

Materials Needed:

• Vase
• Playdough (preferably used because the Playdough will be ruined at the end of this experiment)
• Baking soda
• Food coloring (optional)
• Vinegar
• If working inside, use a tray or work in the bathtub or sink (because it will be a lot of bubbly mess)
• If working outside, only a hose is necessary to wash the mess away

Procedure:

1. Cover the vase with playdough to make it look like a volcano!
2. Pour baking soda into the covered vase
3. Add a few drops of food coloring into the vase (optional)
4. Pour in vinegar
5. Watch the volcano erupt!!

The Science:

• Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, and vinegar is acetic acid. Therefore, when the two are mixed, carbonic acid is formed. Carbonic acid immediately decomposes into water and carbon dioxide, so the bubbly reaction you see is the carbon dioxide escaping.

Sources:

Information from: https://wizzley.com/four-easy-science-experiments-vinegar/

Images from: http://teachingmama.org/5-baking-soda-experiments/

Engineering Egg Drop Challenge!

Goal/Objective: Design a carrier for a raw egg that will prevent it from breaking when dropped from 10 feet high.

Materials:

Raw egg

Newspaper

A ladder or second story window

Timer

Scale

Pick some of the following materials to use to construct the carrier (less materials=more challenging):

Cardboard

Cotton

Toilet paper

Socks

Glue

Straws

Plastic bags

Balloons

Masking tape

Activity Instructions:

1. Only use the materials listed above to construct a carrier.
2. Time yourself! (Try to make it in 10 minutes on your first try)
3. If you have a scale, weigh what you’ve built. Eventually, try to make your package lightweight and strong.
4. Cover the ground with newspaper just in case your first couple drops do not end with the egg in perfect condition.
5. Goodluck and don’t be afraid to get creative and have some fun!

Some questions to think about:

What forces are acting on the egg as its falling?

If your design did not succeed in keeping the egg from breaking, how would you change it?

Remember to try again if it doesn’t workout the first time! And, if it does work the first time, think about how you can improve your egg carrier now that you have tested your first one.

Bonus: See how lightweight you can make your egg carrier. Also see how high you can drop the egg from without it breaking.

Lava Lamp Polarity demonstration

What you’ll need:

• one large plastic bottle (like a soda bottle)
• ¾ cup vegetable oil
• ¼ cup water
• food coloring
• Alka-Seltzer tablet

What to do:

• Pour the water into the bottom of the bottle
• Pour the oil in on top, and wait a few minutes for the water and oil to separate
• Add some drops of food coloring until the water gets darkly colored
• Break the Alka-Seltzer tablet in to a couple of pieces, and drop one of the pieces into the water
• Watch what happens to the bubbles as the tablet dissolves
• Tip: shine a light through the bottom of the bottle to make it look even more like a lava lamp!

How it works:

Water is a polar molecule, which means it has an uneven charge distribution within the molecule. This means it doesn’t mix or interact with vegetable oil, which is a nonpolar molecule. This concept is best summarized as ‘like dissolves like’

Notice that the food coloring only mixes with the water, which tells us that the food coloring molecules must also be polar.

When you add the Alka-Seltzer, it begins to release carbon dioxide bubbles which attach to the water blobs that have formed in the bottle and causes them to float to the top. This is what creates the colored bubble effect in the lava lamp!

PAINT THE ROSES RED

In the tale of Alice in Wonderland the gardeners found suddenly found themselves in a tricky spot. All of the roses in the garden were WHITE when the Queen of Hearts demanded that all flowers must be RED!!! What to do??

If only the Queen’s gardeners had known this scientific experiment, they could have fixed the problem in no time, and escaped the Queen’s wrath.

WHAT YOU NEED:

-              4 Glasses

-              Red and Blue Food Coloring

-              3 Fresh White Flowers

-              Scissors

HOW TO DO THE EXPERIMENT:

1.        Fill two glasses with blue food coloring, and two glasses with red food coloring. Then add ¼ cup of water to each glass.

2.        Cut the stems of each of the flowers at an angle with scissors. With the third flower, slice ¾ of the stem down the middle using a knife.

3.        Place the first flower in the glass filled with blue food coloring. Place the second flower in the glass filled with red food coloring. With the third flower, place one end of the stem in the second blue food coloring glass and the other in the second glass of red food coloring.

4.        Let the flowers soak for a few days, and WATCH THE COLORS CHANGE!!

WHY DOES IT WORK?

Plants absorb water through their roots. The water moves up the stem into the leaves and flowers. When a flower is cut from its roots, the stem becomes the point where the flower “drinks”. Through transpiration and cohesion, water moves up the plant similar to the way water moves up a straw. Coloring the water that the plant takes up does not damage the plant; however, it does allow us to see how water moves through the flower. Splitting the stem shows another cool idea – the tubes at which water moves up the stem exist all across the stem and run all the way up to the petals of the flower.

Egg Prank Solution

The Situation:

Your sibling is at it again. It’s April 1, which can only mean one thing.... April Fool’s Day pranks. You’ve been working all day boiling eggs and getting everything together so you can spend a nice afternoon decorating eggs with your best friends. However, this year your sibling decides to be extra conniving and decides to mix up your batch of boiled eggs and raw eggs. You were really looking forward to your fun day ahead, but now you can’t figure out which eggs are which because they are the same size and color! You could simply drop each egg and see if the egg is raw or boiled, but this would destroy your eggs you were going to decorate. You’re completely at loss and are ready to really teach your brother a lesson when, suddenly, you realize science always has a solution! Continue reading and find out how you can put the joke on your brother and learn a little eggcelent physics along the way.

The Solution:

1. Obtain two eggs. Label one egg “1” and the other “2.” Place the two eggs on an even ground. A table is fine for this experiment.  
2. Hold one end of one of the eggs with your index finger and the other end with your thumb. Gently spin the egg. Do the same with the other egg. (If you spin your eggs too vigorously, you’ll have a big mess to clean up!)
3. While one of the eggs is spinning, touch it gently to make it stop spinning. Now do the same for the other egg. Record any differences you observe when you try to stop the eggs from spinning.
4. Do steps 1-3 for all the remaining eggs. The eggs should divide into the two categories of what happens after they stop spinning. Organize the eggs into two batches with regards to this characteristic.
5. You should have two batches of eggs. Now the question becomes: which egg is boiled and which is raw? Break one egg from each batch to reveal which batch has raw eggs  and which has boiled eggs.

The Science:

The solution to this problem is actually related to physics. In physics, there is a term called center of gravity which is basically where an object’s mass is concentrated so that it would balance at this point. Because the boiled egg is solid, its center of gravity stays the same. In contrast, the raw egg is liquid, making its center of gravity continually change when spinned. Eventually, the friction of the egg shell stops the liquid from moving around. Hence, you should have observed the raw egg to keep spinning when stopped and the boiled egg to stop spinning when stopped.

Alas, you have saved your eggs from catastrophe. Your sibling will have to find another victim to prank this April Fool’s Day.

For a video presentation of this or equally cool experiments, check out the HooplaKidzLab channel on YouTube. To find out more tricks and pranks to play on your friends(or sibling) this April Fool’s Day, check out: http://kidsactivitiesblog.com/category/holiday-activities-for-kids/april-fools-day-for-kids

Liquid Density Experiment

Materials:

• 3 clear containers (such as mason jars)
• 1 large container
• heavy liquid (like honey, corn syrup, or molasses)
• water
• vegetable oil
• food coloring
• household items: coins, plastic beads, bottle caps, popcorn, grapes, safety pins...

Procedure:

• Pour a cup of each liquid into the containers.
• Use the food coloring to dye the liquids.
• Guess which liquid will rise to the top when you mix all of them together.
• Pour all the liquids into one jar and wait for them to separate.
• Then predict how far each household item will fall inside the container.
• Add in the household items one by one and see if you guessed correctly!

Explanation:

• Density is equal to the mass of the substance divided by the volume.
• When you pour all of the liquids together, liquids with heavier density will sink, while liquids with lighter density will rise to the top.
• When you add the household items in, the ones with more mass per unit volume will sink lower than the ones with less mass per unit volume.

Reference:

http://www.schoolingamonkey.com/easy-science-experiments-for-kids-discover-liquid-density/